Richa K, Babbitt CW, Nenadic NG, Gaustad G (2017b) Environmental trade-offs across cascading lithium-ion battery life cycles. Int J Life Cycle Assess 22(1):66–81. Article CAS Google Scholar Wu Z, Kong D (2018) Comparative life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries with lithium metal, silicon nanowire, and graphite anodes. Clean Technol This study is a critical review of the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to lithium ion batteries in the automotive sector. The aim of this study is to identify the crucial points of the analysis and the results achieved until now in this field. In the first part of the study, a selection of papers is reviewed. In the second part of the study, a methodological approach to LCA is
Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Unit Made of Cylindrical Cells Morena Falcone 1,* , Nicolò Federico Quattromini 2,* , Claudio Rossi 2,* and Beatrice Pulvirenti 1,* 1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
With increasing concerns on environmental impacts of retired lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and supply risk of critical materials, second life and recycling are considered as promising strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of retired automotive LIBs. In this life cycle assessment (LCA) study, we investigate environmental benefits of second life and recycling methods on three types of We report the first cradle-to-gate emissions assessment for a mass-produced battery in a commercial battery electric vehicle (BEV); the lithium-ion battery pack used in the Ford Focus BEV. The assessment was based on the bill of materials and primary data from the battery industry, that is, energy and materials input data from the battery cell and pack supplier. Cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas

An urgent demand for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is expected in the forthcoming years due to the rapid growth of electrical vehicles (EV). To address these issues, various technologies such as the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical method, as well as the newly developed in-situ roasting reduction (in-situ RR) method were proposed in recent studies. This article firstly

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li ion battery life cycle assessment